Bruce Tuckman and Michael Argyle free essay sample

Theories of communication Bruce Tuckman Bruce Tuckman has a theory which contains of four stages; these are forming, storming, norming and performing. His theory is about group development. The first stage is forming, this is when a group is reliant on one particular leader, if the leader is not there and someone else tries to take charge then the confusion starts. The leader makes sure every individual is aware of their role, if the leader does not make them aware, then their roles and responsibilities are unclear. For example in a class room everyone will be speaking to each other, when the teacher comes in and tells everyone to settle down then they will do so. The second stage is storming, at this stage everyone hasn’t settled into a task, they are all busy chatting amongst their selves and deciding who should be in charge. Decisions don’t come easily within a group it takes some time to come to an agreement. We will write a custom essay sample on Bruce Tuckman and Michael Argyle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You start to form your own cliques and groups. People in the group may challenge each other in order to come out on top. Being focused it top priority for every individual, concentrating on achieving their goals and not being distracted by relationships and emotional issues, to enable progress to be made you may have to compromise within the group members. The third stage is Norming, this is when all members of the group have come to agreement on their roles and have accepted their individual responsibilities. Big decisions are made amongst group agreement were as minor decisions may be given to individuals or small groups within the whole group. Within the group commitment is getting stronger and unity is made everyone has a clear picture of what is happening. Now all the problems are over fun and social activates can now take place within the group and the leader has now earned every members respect and trust. The last stage is performing, the team is more strategically aware; the team members know what they are doing and why they are doing so, the team no longer need the leader to interfere as they are capable of standing on their own two feet. Individuals will make decisions for themselves however the leader will have some agreement, some disagreements may still occur however are quickly resolved amongst the group positively and the necessary changes can be made. The team is able to work towards achieving the target goal, and also to attend to relationship, style and process issues along the way. Team members look after each other and work progressively without assistance from the leader except for personal and interpersonal development. Michael Argyle Michael Argyle’s communication cycle has six stages. The concept of a ‘communication cycle’ makes it clear that, in order to have effective communication, it must be a two way process. The first part is transferring messages to others in a specific, obvious way; health care professionals must be able to respond to the verbal feedback as well as the non-verbal feedback. So, effective communication has to involve effort from both participators both the sender as well as the receiver in the communication. For example in convocation the person speaking must be able to send a clear message and able to understand the response in order for the communication to be effective, if the message was not clear or understood then the communication would be un-successful. Stage one is when ideas occur, this makes us think and assess the situation that we are in and clarify it is appropriate before we start to communicate. We need to think about what we are trying to say, and how to get are point across in a clear, effective way. Stage two is when the message is coded and here we have to be aware of the different methods that we can use to send our message, once we have discussed the methods properly and thought them through it will become obvious which is the most appropriate. We should try and consider the most effective communication method depending on the situation and the person in which we will be communicating with. Stage three is when the message gets sent we have now chosen the most effective communication method and need to make sure we use it in the correct way. We should not try and rush the message being sent because by doing so it could cause misunderstanding between the two people who are communicating and cause confusion giving the receiver the wrong impression. Stage four is whenever the message gets perceived by the receiver. The service user has to make sense of the message given to them and work out exactly what it means. There are some potential difficulties that may arise and we should be aware of how to solve these difficulties when or if they may happen.